A couple years ago I used to write book reviews for a local Asian-American newspaper that had an awesome literary supplement. However, as soon as I started on this venture, the funding for the supplement dried up and two of my book reviews were never published. Until now. I’ve posted both below, unchanged. Enjoy.
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Agent Orange: “Collateral Damage” in Viet Nam
By Philip Jones Griffiths
Trolley Ltd., 2003
Hardcover, $39.95
For as long as I can remember, the coffee table book has always been popular because of its large array of appealing photos or graphics based on a particular topic with the bare minimum of text. It used to be a book the whole family could look through at their leisure and then shelve to make way for the next new coffee-table-book-as-Christmas-gift. However, I’ve noticed that more and more heady topics are being addressed in these oversized books, as photojournalists/essayists have taken on star status among the politically-aware crowd. With Agent Orange: “Collateral Damage” in Viet Nam, Philip Jones Griffiths, born in Rhuddian, Wales in 1936, seems to be one of those veteran photojournalists who has been able to plant himself in social turmoil and record the aftershocks.
This isn’t Griffiths’ first foray into (visually) documenting the Vietnam War. Before this book, he came out with another photo collection called Vietnam Inc. in 1971. Setting the tone of “Collateral Damage” is the cover, for what overwhelms you is the stark darkness of it. Gray vertical and diagonal lines crisscross each other and seem etched into the blackness. Look closer and it will become apparent that it’s a satellite photo of South Vietnam and the gray lines indicate the Agent Orange spray patterns. “Collateral Damage” is not startling in an aesthetic sense, but rather in a morally-outraged one, as it brings to bear (in print form) the consequences of that infamous chemical defoliant that was used in excess in South Vietnam.
From the outset, Griffiths introduces the aftermath of technological superiority with overhead shots of smoldering foliage. In the postwar photos “American grass” (the shrubbery that replaced the destroyed trees) sprouts decades later and children watch over newly planted tree saplings. The requisite photos of bloated baby faces on top of their malformed bodies suspended in formaldehyde at the Tu Du hospital are blown up for the reader’s revulsion and inspection. Next in line are the living casualties of Agent Orange. The range of emotions that are expected to well up inside a person could fluctuate from lividness to sheer pity. Griffiths’ camera captured his subjects face to face, obscuring nothing, their eyes (or what’s left of them) appealing to the audience’s humanity. They reaffirm for the audience the monumental task of holding up a mirror to the past in order for the present to confront its selfish ahistoricism.
Each major section in the book has a brief introduction to prepare the audience for what they will see. At the end of the book, the story of how and why Agent Orange was developed is presented. Since the audience has already looked through all the photos of the stillborn, handicapped and suffering human beings, the majority of them children, an even more damning context buttresses the supposed feeling of outrage. The reader will find out about dioxin, the lethal bi-product of Agent Orange, which Dow Chemical Company and the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments teamed up to downplay and then ignore the birth defects, liver cancer, skin ailments and other harmful effects that were to be inflicted on the general population and military personnel.
Interestingly, all of Griffiths’ photos are in black and white, even those that depict Vietnamese (and Cambodian) victims currently living out the legacy of Agent Orange. This anachronistic visual effect makes these people a permanent fixture of the past, forever indigenous to a war that they did not personally experience and yet are bearing the brunt of. Their physical deformities and chronic illnesses serve to underline a cruel karmic spiral that will not close until the crimes against them are redressed.
But, do they believe their lives are a crime? What becomes slowly evident is that the book lacks the photographed subjects’ own accounts of their lives and how their debilitating medical conditions affect their self-worth and their outlook on life. Not to mention, those babies in jars have become icons to warn future generations of the costs of war and the lingering effects of Agent Orange in one part of the globe. But, to continually put these dead babies on display is to demean their shattered infancy and to excite an immature audience’s proclivities toward gore. The fear is that these unwilling still-lives stop becoming teaching tools and start becoming objects of morbid entertainment.
I understand that Griffiths’ intention for this book is to light a fire under (American) society and bring about debate on how we construct and deal with history and our national self-image. Perhaps I’m being overprotective, but I just do not want to see these controversial images become a feast for the eyes that attract/repel our imagination. Eventually, this book may lose its original attraction to the buyer, but will excite the dinner guests to no end. Because what is a coffee table book but something one can peruse, flip directly to the interesting sections and then leave on the table to collect dust?
**P.S. Sume at Ethnically Incorrect Daughter posted her thoughts on the damaging legacy of this homegrown chemical a while back, here and here.
